八年级下册英语知识点

我们大家都知道英语的学习是需要我们日积月累，只要有充足词汇，再加上一丁点语法修饰，就能够写出优美的的文章，了解词性也非常，今天就讲解一下八年级下册英语知识点。

一、 行为动词

1.后接动词加to:

want/would like tell ask allow plan try decide encourage

2. 后接动词加ing:

thanks for enjoy spend practice finish mind feel like

stop to do(停下来做) stop doing(停止做)

need to do(需要做) need doing (需要被做)

forget/remember to do(忘记/记住要做)

forget/remember doing(忘记/记住做了)

4. 后接动词原形：

let/make

5. 后接动词加to/原形：

help

6. 后接动词加ing/原形：

see watch hear

二、 名词单数变复数不规则变化：

leaf_leaves thief__thieves man__woman__women

tooth_teeth foot_feet mouse__mice child__children

三、 介词后接动词加ing,常见介词有：

at in for about without against except/besides

四、 代词分清主格和宾格：

主格：I we you he she it they

宾格：me us you him her it them

五、 动副词短语的宾语是代词，放中间，常见动副词短语有：

turn on/off/up/down take...away mix...up

call...up pick...up wake...up look...through

六、 同义词辨析：

few/a few +复数名词

little/a little+不可数名词

fewer+ 复数名词 both(两个都)

less+不可数名词 neither(两个都不)

such+名词 other+复数名词

so+形容词 another+单数名词

else ( 与不定代词和疑问词连用 )

job(是可数名词 ) very +形容词/副词

work ( 是不可数名词和动词 ) very much 修饰动词

except(不包括在范围内 ) already(用于肯定句)

besides(包括在范围内 ) yet(用于否定句和疑问句)

can/could (用于一般现在时和一般过去时 )

be able to ( 用于各种时态 )

alone(形容词/副词;不带感情色彩 )

lonely (形容词;内心世界孤独 )

either(否定句末) too many+复数名词

too(肯定句末) too much+不可数名词

also(肯定句中) much too+形容词/副词

cost(花费钱，物做主语)

spend(花费时间 或 钱，人作主语)

take (花费时间，It作主语)

pay(支付钱，人作主语)

cross(动词)

across(介词)从表面穿过

through(介词)从内部穿过

wear(穿的状态)后接衣服

put on(穿的动作)后接衣服

dress(穿衣)后接反身代词

some(常用于肯定句，但表示请求时可用于疑问句)

any(用于否定句和疑问句)

myself(我自己)

my own(我自己的)

七、动词时态:

一般现在时

1.标志词 every day/ week/ month/ year/...

2.构成：(1) be(am /is /are) 原形

(2)行为动词

加s/es(主语为第三人称单数)

例如：There are 80 Ss in our class .

He is an engineer.

She goes to school by bus every day.

I walk to school every morning. 一般过去时

1. 标志词：last night/week/month/year/... yesterday ...ago

2. 构成:be(was/ were)

不规则动词过去式(需要记忆)

直接加ed: play__played

以e结尾只加d: argue___argued

规则动词过去式构成 双写(辅元辅)加 ed: stop--stopped

辅音字母加y,变y为i加ed: worry--- worried

例如：I was a student 20 years ago

He played basketball yesterday

There was a phone for you last Friday

一般将来时

1、 标志词：tomorrow next week/month/year/... in the future in two days/...

2、 构成：(1)will+动词原形

(2)be(am/is/are) going to +动词原形

(3)现在进行时表示将来。

例如：He is leaving for London next week.

She will take away the book tomorrow.

There will( is going to) be a football match next Sunday.

现在进行时

1、 标志词：now Look! Listen!

2、 构成：am/is/are+V.ing

例如：We are having a lesson now.

Look!She is dancing.

过去进行时

1、 标志词：at ten o’clock last night, when/while...

2、 构成: was/were+V.ing

例如:What were they doing when the UFO arrived?

I was sleeping at ten o’clock last night.

现在完成时

1、 标志词：ever never for since just before already yet

2、 构成: have/has+过去分词

3、 当标志词是for/since时，非延续性动词要转换成延续性动词：

buy__have borrow_keep die__be dead

leave__be away return___be back join__be in/on

例如：He has had the dictionary for 5 years.

4、 have been to和 have gone to 的区别：

have been to(去过)人已回来 have gone to(去了)人不在这里例如：--Where is your brother? --He has gone to Beijing.

I have ever been to Tibet.

八、直接引语变间接引语时态变化：

1.一般现在时变一般过去时

I am mad at Mary.-----She said she was mad at Mary.

I go to the beach every Saturday.----He said he went to the beach every Saturday.

2、一般将来时变过去将来时

I will call you tomorrow.----He told me he would call me tomorrow.

3、现在进行时变过去进行时

I am having a party for Lana.---She said she was having a party for Lana.

九、反意疑问句

1、四种类型

(1)be型：It’s windy today,isn’t it?

(2)do型：The bus stops here,doesn’t it?

They study hard, don’t they?

He went to Tokyo,didn’t he ?

(3)情态动词型：You can answer the question,can’t you?

People will have robots,won’t they?

(4)have型：She has been here for 3 days,hasn’t she?

2、四种特殊的反意疑问句

(1)当陈述句中含有never,little/few,hardly,nothing no one/nobody,no等否定词时，附加问句用肯定形式。

e.g.He never gets up late,does he?

(2)当陈述部分为祈使句(包含肯定句和否定句)，附加问句用will you?但当Let’s开头的祈使句，附加问句用shall we?

e.g.Open the window,will you?

Don’t speak loudly,will you?

Let’s play the game,shall we?

(3)在There be句型中，附加问句为be there?

e.g.There are some boats in the river, aren’t there?

(4)当陈述句是复合句时，附加问句和主句保持一致。但当陈述部分主句是I (don’t) think/believe时，附加问句要和从句保持一致。

He told me his mother was ill,didn’t he?

I think she is a good girl,isn’t she?

希望通过我的讲解对你们的学习有所帮助，八年级下册英语知识点其实就这么多，只要你掌握住了，这上面的知识，今后的学习一定会很轻松的。继续努力啊。